Some things I forgot to mention last time:
At 1100, shortly after I received the abdomen pt, I called up the charge nurse and politely requested to have him made 1:1. I don't ask for this often, and pride myself on my ability to balance multiple high-acuity pts safely. But part of this ability involves my recognition of when the load is too heavy for safety-- anyone can pretend they have things under control right up until a pt codes-- and when I realized this pt had hourly insulin checks, constant potassium replacements from an electrolyte replacement protocol (the intensivist declined to start a potassium-containing IV fluid despite refractory K+ levels below 2.8, the cutoff point below which the heart starts to starve and freak out, on the grounds that his renal failure would cause his K+ to skyrocket eventually), q2h labs, and 200mL+ output every hour from his NG tube (thus the potassium loss: stomach juices contain a lot of K+)... I had also just started levophed to pull his blood pressure up, couldn't find peripheral pulses in his feet, and was calling the RT in frequently to handle his ventilator-bucking. Yeah, at this point I decided he wasn’t going to be compatible with the high-need lady next door on bipap, no matter how clean she was now.
I was pretty sure he’d code by mid-afternoon.
The charge nurse came in, looked around, and agreed with me. So after 1100 he was 1:1. This came in really handy when the GI surgeon took him down for that washout.
So for the next couple of days, he wore me out. His open abdomen wept constantly through the drains in the intestine-containment bag, and every thirty minutes he required a full dressing change just to control the flow. His insulin infusion had to be cranked up from one algorithm to the next, as higher and higher doses failed to control his wild hyperglycemia. Worse, as I finally caught up on his blood sugars the next morning, his anion gap stayed wide open—the acidosis continued, and although his potassium finally caught up and began to rise as his small bowel obstruction stopped backing four liters of stomach juices out of his NG tube every day, the problem was clearly not a sugar/insulin imbalance.
Anion gap acidosis has a number of possible sources, although insulin deficiency is probably the most common. A few of them were addressed in that nephrologist’s note I quoted the other day. Another occurred to me during my camping trip this weekend, as I was studying for the CCRN test I took today (AND FUCKING PASSED YESSSS I AM A CCRN NOW). This guy is an alcoholic, and had been sick for a little while, homebound. What if he got into some alcohol that wasn’t drinkable? Specifically, methanol? It would explain some other major things, like the encephalopathy and his eventual failure to maintain pupillary reflexes.
Man I got no idea. I haven’t actually taken care of a pt with methanol poisoning, so all my knowledge is book knowledge. Methanol, aka wood alcohol, is an alcohol much like ethanol (booze), except that it turns into formic acid in your body, destroys your eyesight permanently, causes brain swelling, and tends to result in horrible death. I’ll have to look that up when I get back to work on Saturday.
Anyway. He stayed very high-acuity for the next few days; I was 1:1 with him the next day, and the day after that I was first admit, but ended up not admitting because the only person who came up from the ER was a telemetry overflow. He was one of those pts who isn’t panic-level crazy, but whose workload nurses describe to each other as “steady.” Basically, there’s something to do at least once every ten minutes, some of these things taking as long as twenty or thirty minutes and requiring multiple RNs or the help of a CNA, and you spend very little time charting because you’re constantly scanning medications or taking blood sugars or turning or changing dressings or titrating drips.
In this case, about halfway through the second day, the intensivist ordered lactulose enemas to be given every four hours, in hopes of stimulating his bowel to move. I took extreme issue with this because I could SEE the guy’s intestines and they were obviously too swollen to twitch, let alone move stool effectively, but considering that his colon was relatively un-irritated per report of the GI surgeon and the enemas were only about 250mL volume (we often give 1L-2L enemas!), I figured it couldn’t hurt. And sure enough, after the second enema he dumped a decent handful of mucoid stool, although his small intestines were obviously still not moving.
How did we administer these enemas? The traditional way involves turning your pt on their left side, sticking a tube up their rectum, and draining a bag of fluid into their butt to get the shitslide cookin’. Turning this guy onto his left side would have been… tricky, so instead I pulled the rubber tube off the business end of a foley catheter, lubed it up a bit, jammed it up his butt via the “lift balls, grope for anus” method, and inflated the balloon with a syringe of saline. Then I mixed up the enema, drew it up into a giant Toomey syringe of the kind we use to instill fluids into a GI tube (it holds about 60mL at a time), and flushed it all through the rubber hose into his colon. Between flushes I clamped it off with a large hemostat, the kind we use to clamp chest tubes shut. An hour or two later he dumped the full enema, still clear, into the bed. Time to start over.
Turning was tricky. Any time we moved him, he would grimace and his blood pressure would skyrocket—even though he was heavily sedated and receiving a pain med drip, he was clearly having a lot of breakthrough pain. His blood pressure tended to run dangerously low whenever he wasn’t in pain, though. So I would dose him with a huge bolus of fentanyl, wait about two minutes for it to kick in, watch his blood pressure start to bomb (watching in real time through an arterial line), and then do all the turning and washing and dressing changing and whatnot.
Ventilated pts also get their teeth brushed or their mouths swabbed and suctioned once every two hours, usually right before we turn them so there isn’t a drool river when we’re moving them around every two hours.
The whole time, we were hunting desperately for someone to make decisions on his behalf: a family member, a designated power of attorney, anybody. His kidneys weren’t pulling out of their tailspin, and the buildup of nitrogenous wastes in his body wasn’t doing him any favors. Before we made the huge step of initiating dialysis, though, knowing that this would be a long healing process with a huge amount of involved and intensive care, it would have been really nice to know if he’d have wanted it.
This being a weekend, and this fellow being a member of a specific healthcare group that has its own social workers and discharge nurses that aren’t available on weekends for whatever goddamn reason, I found myself doing most of the work of contact hunting. I called his job and, without being able to give them any details over the phone, asked if he had any next-of-kin numbers. None of them worked. I called his home phone, got his roommate, learned that he had a daughter he had only ever referred to as “my daughter;” received a phone call from a coworker of his who had heard he was out sick, and found out that he has a landlady who “might know somebody;” called the landlady and learned that he had family somewhere in a Middle Eastern country “who don’t speak any English and I don’t know their names;” and was finally suggested to contact a religious leader of his community, who might have access to lineage papers.
By the time I got to that point, it was Monday morning, and the social workers were back on the job. So I spent about an hour pushing them over the phone, giving them a full report of everything I’d done to seek contact, and signed off on his “call the family” duties.
Meanwhile, down the hallway, the drowned kid circled the drain for days. His lungs were torn to shreds by the lake water; his anoxic brain injury caused him to start seizing for hours at a time; his mother went completely insane before my eyes and descended from “horrified and grieving mother” to “crazy woman in filthy clothing laugh-sobbing in the end of the hallway all day and all night.” God, we all felt terrible for her. She threw a shoe at the palliative care people when they came by.
He went into a rotoprone bed, as I think I said before, and coded in it. A rotoprone bed is no minor thing in ICU practice. It’s like a huge padded coffin/cradle into which a pt can be packed, then wrapped tightly in cushions and panels and straps, then rotated until their face is hanging downward so their lungs can drain. Once they’re proned, we open the back of the bed and let them lie there, gently swinging back and forth with their belly facing the floor, letting their lungs stretch and drain and slowly recover. It’s very effective when used early, and was originally marketed for H1N1 support, since young pts who survived the initial respiratory catastrophe of that strain would recover easily enough in a week or two.
Now we use it for ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome, which can happen for many reasons ranging from pneumonia to aspiration to pancreatitis. In ARDS, the lungs become so inflamed that their tissues turn thin and stiff, they can’t exchange gas well, fluids weep into the air sacs, and even the blood vessels lose their pliancy and become hard and resistant to blood flow.
We use a lot of things to treat ARDS. Paralytics can help reduce the pt’s inclination to fight the ventilator, and minimize their oxygen usage; Flolan (epoprostenol) is a ruinously expensive inhaled medication that dilates the blood vessels of the lungs to allow improved blood flow; chest physiotherapy can sometimes be used to help break up secretions and move fluids around; and, of course, antibiotics and steroids and protective settings on the ventilator to prevent lung damage. And PEEP.
Remember how a bipap mask adds a kick of pressurized air at the end of the breathing cycle to keep the airways (large and small) open? PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) is similar to that. Cranking up the pressure helps force fluid back into the veins, keeps the air sacs open, and increases the pressure gradient of air vs blood so that air exchanges more effectively across the membranes. Usually ventilation (CO2 shedding) is harder than oxygenation, but in ARDS pts often have oxygenation just as bad as their ventilation.
I’ve seen ARDS fought effectively. I cared for a pt once who was very young, got a nasty pneumonia, spent days and days in the rotoprone bed, and was eventually transferred to the local children’s hospital to receive ECMO—extracorporeal membranous oxygenation, in which blood is drained from the body, oxygenated through a membrane, and pumped back into the body constantly. She ended up doing well, and sent us a letter about a year later to let us know that she had not only survived, she had recovered enough to walk across the stage at her graduation.
The drowned kid will not be so lucky. Even if his lungs manage to recover from the lake water problem, his brain is completely fucked from the continued hypoxia. We are, essentially, buying the family time to say goodbye.
Which is a victory, sometimes. If we define death as failure and any kind of life as success, then pretty soon our successes are often hollow—we have quite a few pts who end up suffering for a very long time and being shipped back and forth between the hospital and a long-term acute care facility—and our failures are nearly constant.
You have to look for other definitions of success and failure, here. Sometimes our victories are good deaths. Sometimes we work our asses off day and night to make sure a pt is comfortable as they’re dying. Sometimes we finally manage to talk the family into letting go; sometimes we struggle to win them the few days they need to come to terms with their loss. Sometimes we squeeze enough time to let the plane land and the taxi speed from the airport, so that the kids can be there when their father dies. Sometimes we wash our hands of a code and catch our breaths, and the corpse cools in the room while we go back over the entire crisis and realize that we did everything right and they died anyway. But it’s still a victory, just as all these others are victories: we did everything right.
But they died anyway.
And sometimes we practice our skills on a pt who has made every possible bad choice and is dying of their bad choices, knowing that our care is futile and the resources we spend are wasted, but knowing that when the next pt comes in needing that unusual procedure, we will be that much fresher in our practice. That’s a victory, if you squint.
And sometimes we fight tooth and nail to save them, and care about them, and care so deeply about their survival that when they die anyway we are all devastated and we go out and drink and wish we could have done anything, one more thing, to save them. Which, I don’t know, might not be a victory; but it feels like something more important than a defeat. It feels like a connection. It feels like we have successfully recovered our humanity, which we often hang on the break room wall next to the memo notice sheets and the spare stethoscopes, so that we can dig in a pt’s guts without cringing and accept verbal abuse without snapping and look death straight in the face without blanching. It’s inconvenient, but it’s easily lost, and even though it’s selfish we value those moments of realization that we aren’t as dead inside as we pretend to be.
Which is to say: when the drowned kid died, my last day before I went on that huge long camping trip and didn’t post for a while, we were all devastated. His mother cried like an animal, gagging and groaning and clawing at her arms, and we all twisted our mouths and ground our teeth and remembered that we were people and wished we weren’t.
Rachel went home again. Her younger child’s birthday is coming up.
That same day, the last day before camping, I sent my open abd guy down to have his belly incision revised. They will slowly close it until at last his intestines are all contained, giving him time for the swelling to diminish between each revision. Then, because he wasn’t expected back up before my end of shift, I took two more pts: a comfort care pt in his thirties with Huntington’s, who was starting to lose his ability to swallow his secretions and was choosing to go home to die rather than move forward with a tracheostomy, and an older fellow with severe hearing loss who had come in for a very mild GI bleed from an ulcer in his stomach.
The comfort care pt’s case was relentlessly sad. His young wife is pregnant; he is not expected to live to see the child. He declined to make a video for the baby, saying that he didn’t want his son to see him like this. His family are rollicking good-ol-boy country folk, and they all sat in his room picking on him affectionately and watching Pawn Stars. They were delightful; they had faced this monster directly, and chosen not to be destroyed by its inevitable rampage, and as a result they were wonderfully supportive and caring. They helped move his cramped arms and roll him gently when he needed to be repositioned; they joked that his stubble “looked like wanderin’ pubes.” They ate five boxes of Fruit Roll-Ups in the room (making me crave Fruit Roll-Ups), and tirelessly suctioned his mouth with a soft plastic tube so he wouldn’t choke.
We tried out atropine drops to dry up his mouth, and they worked fairly well, although he still needed some suctioning from time to time. He was just waiting for the hospice group to pick him up in the morning and bring him home, where he can spend the rest of his life in comfort, surrounded by family. He got the shittest deal on the table, but I think he’s choosing the best possible option with it.
The GI bleed old guy told me about gladiator diets (beans and porridge, with burned plants to provide magnesium?) and house paint (never just use flat white, it looks too bare!) and nail storage (lots of yogurt containers!). He was advanced from a clear liquid diet to a full liquid diet, and delighted in his tray of four different kinds of soup instead of “all that sweet stuff they’ve been trying to trick me into eating.” He called me darlin’ and ma’am and Nurse Elise. He was an absolute doll and I wish all my pts were like him. Plan was to send him home the next day.
The next day I left for my camping trip, and haven’t been back to work yet. The trip was wonderful—I moved into a hammock by Lake Crescent, out on the peninsula, one of the prettiest places I’ve ever camped—and then I came home, finished my studying, took my CCRN exam, slept for a full day, and went to Cardiology Summer School today (first of three Fridays spread throughout the summer, lectures by a popular nurse educator in the area). Tomorrow, I go back to work.
I did stop by and check on my open abd guy. He is still alive and seems to be doing well, though the dialysis nurse was in his room setting up shop when I poked my head in. I didn’t see his abdomen, though. Maybe it’s closed by now. I will check his chart tomorrow and see what all has been going on while I was eating hot dogs and smores at the lake.
And I had my ninety-day review at this facility (I worked there for three months as a traveler before hiring on full time). My manager said there have been absolutely no complaints about me, which makes me pretty giddy, but added that the charge nurses were surprised by how easily I fell asleep on my nap breaks and how often I spend my breaks napping.
I really don’t know what to say to that. I’m fucking exhausted all the time at work and I sleep like a dead rock every chance I get. I just kind of stammered something about being ex-night-shift and wandered away. I thought break naps were one of the crucial characteristics of the nursing profession in general? Maybe I’m just lazy. That is a very real possibility.
I wonder if I’ll get my abd guy back tomorrow. I guess I should head to bed soon, since I have to be up in six hours. Shit, I think I figured out why I nap on all my breaks.
Showing posts with label open abdomen. Show all posts
Showing posts with label open abdomen. Show all posts
Sunday, July 19, 2015
Saturday, July 18, 2015
I have no idea what week this is but it's Friday
I had Friday off. I spent it on meaningless bullshit and faffery, for the most part; my sister and I had a meeting with her new guidance counselor to schedule some aptitude testing and discuss tutoring/counseling options for the next week. She’s settling in well—learning things like “how to make a sandwich” and “how to use a bus.” I feel like I’ve been working almost every day since she arrived.
Saturday morning I assumed the role of first admit nurse, then took report on one pt, a frequent flyer who has been notorious for her poor adherence to heart failure medications and home bipap use. She is cared for almost entirely by her devoted son, who does a fine job except that she refuses a lot of care, and hits. Or did. Last time she was here we put her on a horse-tranquilizing dose of Paxil, and this time around she’s been fairly pleasant and cooperative.
Her son is a very gentle sort, a little bit Bob Ross and a little bit hapless victim, so I was quite surprised to hear him call the Paxil her “anti-bitch pills.” He said it in such a self-deprecating way that it took me a moment to realize he was making a joke. I suspect that his life has changed a lot for the better since we started her on the meds.
She hadn’t been handling her bipap well lately, though, so not only had she collected lots of carbon dioxide, but her heart failure was really acting up. Explaining this will take a little bit of pathophysiology, so buckle in.
The old ICU saying goes: if you ain’t got pressure, you ain’t got shit. Blood pressure is so crucial to survival that we’ve even changed our CPR methods to emphasize compressions—pressing on the heart to maintain some blood pressure—and decreased the whole rescue-breathing thing to “meh, if you have time, but don’t stop compressions.” Oxygenation and ventilation (remember, ventilation refers to airing out the carbon dioxide in your blood) are important, but without pressure, you can’t get the oxygen to the tissues or return CO2-laden blood from the tissues. And your body can deal with a little low oxygen or high CO2 (your blood keeps a huge amount of oxygen after its first pump-through!), but not with a loss of pressure.
But what if you have too much pressure? High blood pressure makes tiny tears in your veins, which scab and scar and become susceptible to clots. Not as damaging as high blood sugar, which is like knives in your blood, but it will definitely tear you up inside. And if your blood pressure gets too high, you might blow a blood vessel in your brain—you will typically feel a headache only once it’s too late to do more than contain the bleed. High blood pressure is a silent killer.
What about if you have a pressure imbalance? That’s what’s happening to this lady. She has an obstructive breathing disease, with nasty sleep apnea that traps air in her lungs while she sleeps. The pressure in her lungs grows and grows as her body struggles to overcome her collapsed airways, until finally the air escapes with a whoosh and she can start the process of gasping for more air. There’s a reason people with sleep apnea are always tired and shitty-feeling: they spend their nights suffocating.
Meanwhile, the right side of the heart, which pumps blood into the lungs to be oxygenated, has to pump against a huge amount of pressure. As the pressure grows in the lungs, the blood has to be squeeeeeezed in with incredible force, and eventually the right side of the heart blows out like a stepped-on water balloon, becoming weak and floppy, and struggling to empty itself so more blood can return from the body. So blood backs up in the body, and the water that would normally be peed away by the kidneys just squeezes out into your tissues instead. Usually the lower part of your body first. People with right-sided heart failure get giant, swollen ogre legs, which get so stretched out they form big bubbly scars where water is tucked away, never to be returned to the bloodstream again.
One of the most crucial treatments for this is a diuretic, a water pill that convinces the kidneys to pee extra water away while it has the chance, since it’ll take a lot more work for the body to get water all the way back around to the kidneys again. So if you are, say, a grouchy old lady who hits nurses and doesn’t believe in taking her pills, pretty soon you’re retaining more water than New Orleans in hurricane season. And if your bipap is lying in a drawer while you sleep, your CO2 rises, and you become too groggy from CO2 poisoning to wake up and breathe.
CPAP and BiPAP can help a lot with this too. CPAP gives a little boost of air pressure to keep the airways open; BiPAP uses two different pressure levels, one for inspiration and the other for expiration. The increase in pressure is absolutely minimal compared to the whole “lungs stuck shut” pressure differential, and the overall result is that the lungs stay open, the volume of air (and thus the ventilation of CO2) is maximized, and the pt is wildly uncomfortable for the first little bit and then suddenly realizes they can breathe again. Nobody wants to wear a mask over their face… until they realize they can finally sleep like a real human with the mask on.
So she came in to the hospital nearly comatose, swollen up like a marshmallow in the microwave, smelling like the inside of a hobo’s shoe. I have a personal thing about stinky pts: I want them to be clean. I will make them clean if it kills me. Under no circumstances short of immediate, life-threatening danger will I allow my pts to lie in their filth with a baguette’s worth of yeasty crust on their scalp and a gunt-tuck full of smegma the texture and color of butterscotch pudding. If you come into my merciful care and your vagina is oozing all-natural Cheez Wiz, you had better get ready to spread.
I shoved a bedpan under her head and shoulders and soaked her in warm soapy water up to the ears, periodically sloshing more over her scalp and dumping the detritus in the toilet to be replaced with more. Once the water started clearing up, I emptied half a bottle of chlorhexadine mouthwash into the next round, and let that seep through the microbial rainforest of her ratty hair until the tectonic plates of yeast-plaque gave up and let go. The scalp underneath was raw and pink and looked like a fresh pork chop with a little incidental gray hair growing out of it.
All her folds I scrubbed, with the help of the long-suffering CNA, lashing the creases with antifungal powder and lining them with folded absorbent pads. The less said about her lady parts the better, but I can’t imagine how anyone could have dustflaps that yeast-eaten and not cry like a kicked dog every time they took a piss.
Her son came in near the end of the scrub-a-thon and gaped. “She never lets me wash her,” he said. “The last time I tried, she hit me and said she’d be dead before anybody washed her hair again.”
“Well, unconscious,” I said, and added that if she really wanted to stay filthy she was going to have to make sure she took her medicine so she wouldn’t become unconscious and be at the mercy of nurses again.
Then I got a call from the charge nurse: a rapid response from upstairs would be my admit, an alcoholic gentleman who had come in with pancreatitis three days before, gone into massive withdrawal, and then become so short of breath that he was being emergently intubated upstairs.
I knew right away it was going to be a clusterfuck. The intensivist was up to his neck in the drowned kid’s case, and was in the middle of a chest tube insertion that would need to be followed by a bronchoscopy. His acute lung injury was reaching the point where he couldn’t maintain decent oxygen levels, let alone ventilate effectively. Worse, he’d started to show signs of severe brain injury, small seizures that ramped up throughout the day until (right around the time I left) he was in status epilepticus, a massive seizure storm that we couldn’t seem to get under control. Needless to say, if my guy was going to be trouble, he was going to be my trouble.
Naturally, he showed up looking like yesterday’s shit. Blood pressure tanking, legs cold and mottled, foley catheter having drained less than 5mL of urine per hour (we start worrying at 30mL/hr) for the last six hours, nostrils flaring to suck in more air even while the ventilator forced each breath in. His anion gap—a measure of his energy status on the cellular level—was incredibly elevated, along with his blood glucose, which suggested that his sugar was staying in his blood rather than being eaten by his cells. His body was acidotic, which supported that idea—starving cells shit out torrents of lactic acid—but, weirdly, his potassium levels were low.
Those of you who have been following this blog for a bit have already been bashed over the head with the relationship between insulin, sugar, and potassium, but I will explain it again for the new admits. Insulin isn’t a magic anti-sugar substance—it’s just the key that opens your cells’ mouths so they can eat the sugar out of your blood. It also lets them eat potassium, which is a positive anion that keeps the inside of the cell electrically imbalanced against the outside (where negative sodium ions and other such things float around). Between the potassium, which is the electricity that powers the cells’ pumps, and the sugar, which is the gasoline that powers their engines, insulin keeps your cells purring along like that Nissan 240Z pignose you had in college and will never forget.
(I did not have that car. I barely know what that car is. My husband had that car and still obsessively draws pictures of it, rhapsodizes about it, and laments its demise to this day. He likes engines a lot and likes to stay up late at night and look at pictures of old Soviet planes until three in the morning, hurriedly switching windows back to wholesome Miata portraiture when I stumble to the kitchen for a glass of water. This is a dumb derail and I will stop.)
If there’s not enough insulin, or if your cells have become resistant to insulin, your blood sugar will soar as your cells starve. Potassium lingers in the blood, slowly throwing off the balance of positive and negative until muscle cells—especially heart muscle cells—can’t function properly. As your cells rip themselves to pieces, looking for anything they can burn for energy, pouring out lactic acid diarrhea from eating their own garbage, your heart begins to short out and beat erratically.
So it was really weird that he was hypokalemic—LOW on potassium. Especially since his kidneys had started failing, and thus weren’t able to dump any potassium. Even weirder, his lactic acid levels were still fairly low. (I can tell you now, days and days later, that even nephrology was never quite able to pin down the reason behind the rhyme with this one. Actual quote, with warning for medical blather: “Anion gap acidosis. The large anion gap is unexplained by the minimally elevated lactate or phosphorus level. The acidosis is larger than the ABG or serum bicarb suggests since he is currently receiving 180 mEq per day of sodium bicarbonate. Doubt ketosis. Doubt salicylate at this point in hospitalization. Because of ileus, could possiblly have d lacate. No heavy lorazepam (he did have several doses IV) or other propylene glycol ingestion.”)
But all this weirdness aside, I can tell you he was sicker than shit. His abdomen was HUGELY distended and hard to the touch. It’s not uncommon for people with pancreatitis to have swollen, painful bellies—really, that’s usually what brings them in—but this was just out of control. I laid him flat to turn him, and his blood pressure bombed. His ice-cold, mottled legs had no pulses. I sat him back up and he recovered his blood pressure, and I developed a hunch.
Low blood pressure from sepsis isn’t positional. Positional hypotension usually means that either the aorta is so scarred up (usually from smoking) that the heart can’t push blood hard enough to reach the brain when you stand up, or that something is crushing your heart in one position and not in another position. I suspected abdominal compartment syndrome.
Compartment syndrome is what happens when some part of your body is so swollen that it fills up its entire "compartment" and crushes itself, preventing blood from circulating to the tissue. Compartment syndrome in an arm or a leg can result in losing the limb, and the primary treatment is a fasciotomy: a deep slash that opens the muscle sheath-- the fascia-- so the swollen tissue has somewhere to expand to.
But what if you have massive pancreatitis, and your intestines are so swollen they're crushing all your internal organs, blocking your aorta, preventing blood from returning to your heart, and blocking any blood flow to themselves at all?
One carefully worded discussion with the intensivist-- who was moving the drowned boy into a rotoprone bed, which would rock him gently face-down to help drain his lungs and keep them open-- I got permission to put in a consult by a GI surgeon. "If he's pissed," said the intensivist, "I'm gonna tell him it was the pushy nurse that put in that order." We get along well and are facebook friends, but he's testy when pressed and haaaates being told what to do.
Whatever. Put in the consult with a note of my own-- STAT PLEASE SUSPECT ABD COMPARTMENT SYNDROME-- and within an hour the GI surgeon had cleared his slate and called in the team for an open abdomen washout.
He returned three hours later with his guts still open. A plastic bag contained his bright-red, massively swollen small intestine, sutured to the edges of his incision. Gooey abdominal fluid poured from every crease and seam. His urine output picked up a little, but to this date he hasn't recovered kidney function yet. His legs turned pink again, and his breathing eased. His guts had been crushing him to death.
I had him almost stable by the time night shift arrived. I gave report, helped clean and turn and mop his juices out of the bed, and staggered out of the hospital. I was so tired I slept in my car for an hour before I could drive home.
I will tell you all more about his care and progress tomorrow, and hopefully get caught up completely, as I finally DON'T work tomorrow. For now, I will tell you that there is an actual photograph of his guts posted on my Patreon, and that shit only gets crazier.
Rachel was readmitted that day. She was having sharp pleural pains in her side, and she has a pneumothorax. She's getting another chest tube, but isn't expected to stay long. She's gained ten pounds since discharge and is as sweet as ever.
A forty-five-year-old woman died that day of sudden-onset pneumonia with hypoxia. We are all a little stressed over all these young, incredibly sick pts.
Saturday morning I assumed the role of first admit nurse, then took report on one pt, a frequent flyer who has been notorious for her poor adherence to heart failure medications and home bipap use. She is cared for almost entirely by her devoted son, who does a fine job except that she refuses a lot of care, and hits. Or did. Last time she was here we put her on a horse-tranquilizing dose of Paxil, and this time around she’s been fairly pleasant and cooperative.
Her son is a very gentle sort, a little bit Bob Ross and a little bit hapless victim, so I was quite surprised to hear him call the Paxil her “anti-bitch pills.” He said it in such a self-deprecating way that it took me a moment to realize he was making a joke. I suspect that his life has changed a lot for the better since we started her on the meds.
She hadn’t been handling her bipap well lately, though, so not only had she collected lots of carbon dioxide, but her heart failure was really acting up. Explaining this will take a little bit of pathophysiology, so buckle in.
The old ICU saying goes: if you ain’t got pressure, you ain’t got shit. Blood pressure is so crucial to survival that we’ve even changed our CPR methods to emphasize compressions—pressing on the heart to maintain some blood pressure—and decreased the whole rescue-breathing thing to “meh, if you have time, but don’t stop compressions.” Oxygenation and ventilation (remember, ventilation refers to airing out the carbon dioxide in your blood) are important, but without pressure, you can’t get the oxygen to the tissues or return CO2-laden blood from the tissues. And your body can deal with a little low oxygen or high CO2 (your blood keeps a huge amount of oxygen after its first pump-through!), but not with a loss of pressure.
But what if you have too much pressure? High blood pressure makes tiny tears in your veins, which scab and scar and become susceptible to clots. Not as damaging as high blood sugar, which is like knives in your blood, but it will definitely tear you up inside. And if your blood pressure gets too high, you might blow a blood vessel in your brain—you will typically feel a headache only once it’s too late to do more than contain the bleed. High blood pressure is a silent killer.
What about if you have a pressure imbalance? That’s what’s happening to this lady. She has an obstructive breathing disease, with nasty sleep apnea that traps air in her lungs while she sleeps. The pressure in her lungs grows and grows as her body struggles to overcome her collapsed airways, until finally the air escapes with a whoosh and she can start the process of gasping for more air. There’s a reason people with sleep apnea are always tired and shitty-feeling: they spend their nights suffocating.
Meanwhile, the right side of the heart, which pumps blood into the lungs to be oxygenated, has to pump against a huge amount of pressure. As the pressure grows in the lungs, the blood has to be squeeeeeezed in with incredible force, and eventually the right side of the heart blows out like a stepped-on water balloon, becoming weak and floppy, and struggling to empty itself so more blood can return from the body. So blood backs up in the body, and the water that would normally be peed away by the kidneys just squeezes out into your tissues instead. Usually the lower part of your body first. People with right-sided heart failure get giant, swollen ogre legs, which get so stretched out they form big bubbly scars where water is tucked away, never to be returned to the bloodstream again.
One of the most crucial treatments for this is a diuretic, a water pill that convinces the kidneys to pee extra water away while it has the chance, since it’ll take a lot more work for the body to get water all the way back around to the kidneys again. So if you are, say, a grouchy old lady who hits nurses and doesn’t believe in taking her pills, pretty soon you’re retaining more water than New Orleans in hurricane season. And if your bipap is lying in a drawer while you sleep, your CO2 rises, and you become too groggy from CO2 poisoning to wake up and breathe.
CPAP and BiPAP can help a lot with this too. CPAP gives a little boost of air pressure to keep the airways open; BiPAP uses two different pressure levels, one for inspiration and the other for expiration. The increase in pressure is absolutely minimal compared to the whole “lungs stuck shut” pressure differential, and the overall result is that the lungs stay open, the volume of air (and thus the ventilation of CO2) is maximized, and the pt is wildly uncomfortable for the first little bit and then suddenly realizes they can breathe again. Nobody wants to wear a mask over their face… until they realize they can finally sleep like a real human with the mask on.
So she came in to the hospital nearly comatose, swollen up like a marshmallow in the microwave, smelling like the inside of a hobo’s shoe. I have a personal thing about stinky pts: I want them to be clean. I will make them clean if it kills me. Under no circumstances short of immediate, life-threatening danger will I allow my pts to lie in their filth with a baguette’s worth of yeasty crust on their scalp and a gunt-tuck full of smegma the texture and color of butterscotch pudding. If you come into my merciful care and your vagina is oozing all-natural Cheez Wiz, you had better get ready to spread.
I shoved a bedpan under her head and shoulders and soaked her in warm soapy water up to the ears, periodically sloshing more over her scalp and dumping the detritus in the toilet to be replaced with more. Once the water started clearing up, I emptied half a bottle of chlorhexadine mouthwash into the next round, and let that seep through the microbial rainforest of her ratty hair until the tectonic plates of yeast-plaque gave up and let go. The scalp underneath was raw and pink and looked like a fresh pork chop with a little incidental gray hair growing out of it.
All her folds I scrubbed, with the help of the long-suffering CNA, lashing the creases with antifungal powder and lining them with folded absorbent pads. The less said about her lady parts the better, but I can’t imagine how anyone could have dustflaps that yeast-eaten and not cry like a kicked dog every time they took a piss.
Her son came in near the end of the scrub-a-thon and gaped. “She never lets me wash her,” he said. “The last time I tried, she hit me and said she’d be dead before anybody washed her hair again.”
“Well, unconscious,” I said, and added that if she really wanted to stay filthy she was going to have to make sure she took her medicine so she wouldn’t become unconscious and be at the mercy of nurses again.
Then I got a call from the charge nurse: a rapid response from upstairs would be my admit, an alcoholic gentleman who had come in with pancreatitis three days before, gone into massive withdrawal, and then become so short of breath that he was being emergently intubated upstairs.
I knew right away it was going to be a clusterfuck. The intensivist was up to his neck in the drowned kid’s case, and was in the middle of a chest tube insertion that would need to be followed by a bronchoscopy. His acute lung injury was reaching the point where he couldn’t maintain decent oxygen levels, let alone ventilate effectively. Worse, he’d started to show signs of severe brain injury, small seizures that ramped up throughout the day until (right around the time I left) he was in status epilepticus, a massive seizure storm that we couldn’t seem to get under control. Needless to say, if my guy was going to be trouble, he was going to be my trouble.
Naturally, he showed up looking like yesterday’s shit. Blood pressure tanking, legs cold and mottled, foley catheter having drained less than 5mL of urine per hour (we start worrying at 30mL/hr) for the last six hours, nostrils flaring to suck in more air even while the ventilator forced each breath in. His anion gap—a measure of his energy status on the cellular level—was incredibly elevated, along with his blood glucose, which suggested that his sugar was staying in his blood rather than being eaten by his cells. His body was acidotic, which supported that idea—starving cells shit out torrents of lactic acid—but, weirdly, his potassium levels were low.
Those of you who have been following this blog for a bit have already been bashed over the head with the relationship between insulin, sugar, and potassium, but I will explain it again for the new admits. Insulin isn’t a magic anti-sugar substance—it’s just the key that opens your cells’ mouths so they can eat the sugar out of your blood. It also lets them eat potassium, which is a positive anion that keeps the inside of the cell electrically imbalanced against the outside (where negative sodium ions and other such things float around). Between the potassium, which is the electricity that powers the cells’ pumps, and the sugar, which is the gasoline that powers their engines, insulin keeps your cells purring along like that Nissan 240Z pignose you had in college and will never forget.
(I did not have that car. I barely know what that car is. My husband had that car and still obsessively draws pictures of it, rhapsodizes about it, and laments its demise to this day. He likes engines a lot and likes to stay up late at night and look at pictures of old Soviet planes until three in the morning, hurriedly switching windows back to wholesome Miata portraiture when I stumble to the kitchen for a glass of water. This is a dumb derail and I will stop.)
If there’s not enough insulin, or if your cells have become resistant to insulin, your blood sugar will soar as your cells starve. Potassium lingers in the blood, slowly throwing off the balance of positive and negative until muscle cells—especially heart muscle cells—can’t function properly. As your cells rip themselves to pieces, looking for anything they can burn for energy, pouring out lactic acid diarrhea from eating their own garbage, your heart begins to short out and beat erratically.
So it was really weird that he was hypokalemic—LOW on potassium. Especially since his kidneys had started failing, and thus weren’t able to dump any potassium. Even weirder, his lactic acid levels were still fairly low. (I can tell you now, days and days later, that even nephrology was never quite able to pin down the reason behind the rhyme with this one. Actual quote, with warning for medical blather: “Anion gap acidosis. The large anion gap is unexplained by the minimally elevated lactate or phosphorus level. The acidosis is larger than the ABG or serum bicarb suggests since he is currently receiving 180 mEq per day of sodium bicarbonate. Doubt ketosis. Doubt salicylate at this point in hospitalization. Because of ileus, could possiblly have d lacate. No heavy lorazepam (he did have several doses IV) or other propylene glycol ingestion.”)
But all this weirdness aside, I can tell you he was sicker than shit. His abdomen was HUGELY distended and hard to the touch. It’s not uncommon for people with pancreatitis to have swollen, painful bellies—really, that’s usually what brings them in—but this was just out of control. I laid him flat to turn him, and his blood pressure bombed. His ice-cold, mottled legs had no pulses. I sat him back up and he recovered his blood pressure, and I developed a hunch.
Low blood pressure from sepsis isn’t positional. Positional hypotension usually means that either the aorta is so scarred up (usually from smoking) that the heart can’t push blood hard enough to reach the brain when you stand up, or that something is crushing your heart in one position and not in another position. I suspected abdominal compartment syndrome.
Compartment syndrome is what happens when some part of your body is so swollen that it fills up its entire "compartment" and crushes itself, preventing blood from circulating to the tissue. Compartment syndrome in an arm or a leg can result in losing the limb, and the primary treatment is a fasciotomy: a deep slash that opens the muscle sheath-- the fascia-- so the swollen tissue has somewhere to expand to.
But what if you have massive pancreatitis, and your intestines are so swollen they're crushing all your internal organs, blocking your aorta, preventing blood from returning to your heart, and blocking any blood flow to themselves at all?
One carefully worded discussion with the intensivist-- who was moving the drowned boy into a rotoprone bed, which would rock him gently face-down to help drain his lungs and keep them open-- I got permission to put in a consult by a GI surgeon. "If he's pissed," said the intensivist, "I'm gonna tell him it was the pushy nurse that put in that order." We get along well and are facebook friends, but he's testy when pressed and haaaates being told what to do.
Whatever. Put in the consult with a note of my own-- STAT PLEASE SUSPECT ABD COMPARTMENT SYNDROME-- and within an hour the GI surgeon had cleared his slate and called in the team for an open abdomen washout.
He returned three hours later with his guts still open. A plastic bag contained his bright-red, massively swollen small intestine, sutured to the edges of his incision. Gooey abdominal fluid poured from every crease and seam. His urine output picked up a little, but to this date he hasn't recovered kidney function yet. His legs turned pink again, and his breathing eased. His guts had been crushing him to death.
I had him almost stable by the time night shift arrived. I gave report, helped clean and turn and mop his juices out of the bed, and staggered out of the hospital. I was so tired I slept in my car for an hour before I could drive home.
I will tell you all more about his care and progress tomorrow, and hopefully get caught up completely, as I finally DON'T work tomorrow. For now, I will tell you that there is an actual photograph of his guts posted on my Patreon, and that shit only gets crazier.
Rachel was readmitted that day. She was having sharp pleural pains in her side, and she has a pneumothorax. She's getting another chest tube, but isn't expected to stay long. She's gained ten pounds since discharge and is as sweet as ever.
A forty-five-year-old woman died that day of sudden-onset pneumonia with hypoxia. We are all a little stressed over all these young, incredibly sick pts.
Saturday, July 11, 2015
Week 1 Shift 3 (7 of 7)
I slept until 0900 this morning, laid in bed playing Monument Valley on my phone until 1045 (I have legitimately not played this game at all despite all my friends telling me I would love it), then convinced myself that brunch and a shower sounded better than just lying in bed forever. The shower was amazing because it took place in the middle of the day with no time constraints and I could shave everything and spend plenty of time staring at the wall and thinking about absolutely nothing. Showers are usually ten minutes of scrubbing, shampooing, and telling myself aloud: "Come on, come on, you're okay." They usually take place at 0530.
This shower went on so long that I made my husband bring me hot tea with milk and sugar, which I drank in the shower, setting it on the little shelf between sips. He stuck around and sat on the (closed, hopefully) toilet and told me about the airplanes he saw at the flight museum restoration hangar last week. We haven't seen much of each other this week, so while I care very little about airplanes, it's nice to hear him talk about things he likes.
Then I had a fucking decadent brunch before time for him to head to school. Now I am sitting in a nest of blankets and pillows on the sofa. The coffee table is arranged with the accoutrements of another couple of dumb hobbies of mine, different types of tea in several french presses and teapots + an honest to god thirteen jars of different kinds of honey. I had a weekend in Hawaii recently and bought YET ANOTHER sampler set of honey and I like to sit with my tea and my honey and a pile of chopsticks and compare the different flavors. If I had a shit-ton of different kinds of cheese this setup would be perfect. Hi, yes, I am the most boring person you have ever met.
The point of all this is: I will write up this report in extreme comfort.
Yesterday morning I took report on my CRRT pt, whose renal replacement therapy had been turned off overnight in preparation for the day's dialysis, and another pt who was preparing for discharge after having a cardiac stent placed. I made sure the first pt was comfortable and all her drips were stable-- she was still requiring a little bit of norepinephrine to keep her blood pressure up-- and then settled in to discharge the stent guy in record time. (Different stent guy from the previous shift. That dude was still checked in down the hallway, ringing his call bell constantly to ask if random tiny things meant he was dying. I answered a few of those calls while his nurse was busy, and reassured him that a random itch on his foot, a mild headache, and a restless feeling in his legs were not in fact signs of imminent death, though I was a bit more tactful about it.)
Taught the stent guy about his new blood-thinning medications and blood-pressure medications. He had a lazy eye that wandered around as I talked to him. Very difficult not to attempt normal eye-contact interactions with the lazy eye. Very polite and personable fellow, I just have a weird thing about lazy eyes that I have to compensate for so as to keep from being an asshole. Finished the discharge, pulled out his IV, and called the transporter to come wheel him down to his wife's car.
Caught up on my lady next door, whose blood pressure was kind of labile. Part of it was that I'd been measuring her BP mostly by an arterial line, which is a notoriously finicky process. I suspected she was also having breakthrough pain even under sedation. Turned up her fentanyl and crossed my fingers that I wouldn't bomb her pressure, and voila, she evened out. I don't blame her. The semi-open abdomen thing looks like hell. Her colon rind drainage was significantly reduced in volume and more liquid today. Her toes still look like shit-- she had very high doses of norepinephrine (also known as levophed) to keep her alive during the height of her illness, and norepi is well known for constricting your blood vessels until your toes turn black and drop off. Pt's family kept massaging the gross purple-black toes, trying to bring back circulation. Educated them on the importance of not dumping dead-tissue toxins into the bloodstream. Yes, she will probably lose most of her toes, although she stands a decent chance of living, so stop trying to milk rotten toe-meat back into her arteries, we cool?
Her toenails were solid lumps of fungus. Family was bare-handing that shit. I must just be squeamish from hospital work but I wanted to throw up just watching it.
Got caught up, oh my god, and went to help out down the hallway, where another nurse was landing a complete clusterfuck of a situation from the operating room. Her pt was an attractive lady in her fifties, wearing the kind of makeup you see on real estate agents, bleeding like a Tarantino extra from all her holes with her gut laid wide open under a delicate sheeting of saline-soaked gauze. Apparently she had been at work earlier and felt something 'pop'. Perforated small bowel, plus during surgery the MD had discovered a previously stable renal-aortic aneurysm which began to dissect under the stress. Deeply sedated and intubated, of course, but the room was a disaster area and the nurse was frantic. I called lab for her to make sure they'd started processing the pt's stat hematocrit, which they had not because uh, oops, then drew more labs, read blood, and generally did scut work for about half an hour until things started to calm down.
One 'reads' blood by verifying all its information against the pt's armband, the computer's cross-checking sheet, and the various stickers on the bag of blood itself. Giving a pt the wrong blood can be swiftly and horribly fatal. Two RNs are always required for blood checks.
Bailed out of that room to attend rounds for my lady. Rounds involves an assortment of hospital professionals, the care team, who circulate through the ICU in the morning and check up on all the pts to make sure nothing is missed. The intensivist, pharmacist, nutritionist, charge nurse, physical therapist charge, respiratory technician charge, and occasionally others like the infection control specialist or the social worker all gather up with their rolling computer carts and surround you, and you give report and talk about any concerns or plans for the day.
Code blue by the front nurses station, yesterday's first heart-surgery pt. The pt's daughter came screaming and jumping out into the hallway, having pressed the code button herself. She was apparently an RN herself. The code team swarmed in and found that he wasn't dead dead, he was just having a massive vagal response from bearing down hard on the shitter while his heart was still stiff and shocky after surgery. Sigh of relief all around-- he wasn't an open-heart valve repair, just a triple bypass, so he didn't have pacer wires still installed (we keep them in the valve pts for a long time because valve surgery often disrupts the nerve pathway through the heart, resulting in sudden drop-dead moments like that one guy the other day) and therefore wouldn't have been an easy fix (seriously, nothing is easier than bringing back a valve pt with a pacemaker).
The housekeeper came by to stat clean the now-empty room where the stent guy was before. Why a stat clean, I asked her? Oh, she said, you're getting a patient in this room. Me specifically? That's what the charge nurse said. WHAT THE FUCK. I call the charge nurse and ask if this is true, and sure enough, I am getting a femoral-popliteal bypass case from the OR in about thirty minutes. Oh, I didn't tell you? I'm sorry.
The lack of communication is killing me. Toward the beginning of this run of days I was caring for three telemetry-level pts (a step down from ICU critical care), preparing one for a routine cardioversion, which for tele pts involves the team carrying them down to Special Procedures and bringing them back when they're finished. Instead, the whole team showed up at the bedside and asked me where the paralytics were. Turns out, somebody had decided to intubate the pt, perform a trans-esophageal echocardiogram (heart ultrasound from inside the esophagus), and cardiovert (shock the heart to break the pt out of a dangerously fast rhythm) AT THE BEDSIDE. Assurances that the pt would be made critical-care status. I ended up demanding that the flex RN take over that pt one-to-one, and I'm glad I did, because she turned out to be an utter disaster and there was nobody to take my other two teles.
And after the previous shift's CRRT ambush, I really was not feeling good about the communication level with that charge nurse.
Turns out though that she was just trying to make sure I got the easier of the two incoming pts, and had been delayed in telling me because the RN getting the other pt needed a lot of help setting up. Not excused, but understandable.
Elevator call: my pt was on his way up. Out of nowhere, code blue. A pt on the other end of the unit who had been on a balloon pump-- a sausage-shaped balloon in his aorta that helped pump blood with each heartbeat, really cool tech but very risky-- had gone into cardiac arrest. The whole unit poured into that room to bring the guy back to life, leaving me to admit the new guy alone. This sounds worse than it is, mainly because the new guy was super nice and his wife was super nice and everything had gone without a hiccup. His potassium was very high, because his kidneys were chronically insufficient and he couldn't shed potassium very well, so I gave him a medicine to drink that gives you insane diarrhea but dumps all your potassium through your butthole. He was not happy about this, but he understood. We looked up all of his meds together and made sure everything else was right.
He kept asking to pee, but he had a foley catheter in-- a tube that goes up your dick into your bladder to drain it. I kept telling him to pee whenever he needed to, but honestly, foleys are uncomfortable as shit. His leg looked great where the closed-off arteries had been bypassed and his pulses were strong. The incisions were minimal. I told him he'd be bikini-ready in six weeks and he laughed and spilled his cranberry juice everywhere.
The balloon pump pt survived, but was for some reason immediately moved into full airborne precautions, the kind we use for tuberculosis. I still have no idea what that was about, but the nurses involved in that disaster were totally isolated for the rest of the shift, wearing bubble helmet respirators and gowns in an airlocked room at the end of the unit. I can't even imagine taking care of a fucking balloon pump pt while under full airborne precautions. I am a sucker for high-acuity pts but that just sounds exhausting.
Dialysis nurse showed up in the next room. I love it when my pts go on dialysis because they get a dedicated nurse to run the machine, which means I don't have to watch as closely because somebody with at least half a brain will let me know if anything's changing. Sure enough, as soon as he hooked her up, her blood pressure on the arterial line dumped. We both panicked a little and tried a few things, but nothing was touching that shitty blood pressure. I noted that the dialysis catheter was accessed on the same side as the brachial art line, suspected that the arterial outflow through the HD cath was sucking pressure away from the art line, and put a BP cuff on her other arm. Sure enough, her BP was fine. Maybe a little on the high side. Fuck yes, dialysis go.
Helped a nurse the next room over with bathing and prettying up her pt. I have taken care of this pt frequently over the month she's been on our ICU. She's in her thirties, a mother of two and part-time special-needs tutor, with a sweet-faced husband at her bedside constantly. She was very healthy before this, got strep pneumonia that turned into necrotizing pneumonia, had half her right lung cut out, held a fever of 38.9C+ for two weeks, coded twice, nearly died more times than I care to count, swelled up into a water balloon, lost all the water and is now sunken and sallow, now has a tracheostomy and a chest tube, and has generally been so much work to keep alive that we rotate on and off so nobody gets completely worn out on her. She's been better this week, though. Her husband didn't want to bring her kids in while she was super sick, for obvious reasons, and they're like two and five anyway so it's not entirely safe to have them on the ICU.
This was her older child's sixth birthday, so we arranged a surprise for her. Her husband went home "for the afternoon" like usual, to pick up the kids, and her nurse and I washed her hair and generally made her presentable and even pretty while the charge nurse ordered cupcakes from a nearby bakery (with extras for staff because fuck yeah, petty cash). We sat her up in the chair and she was watching a little TV when her husband returned with a pile of presents, a slice of birthday cake, and her now-six-year-old son wearing a paper crown. He started screaming as soon as we let him in the room, and she cried and managed to hold her arms up long enough to hug him. The whole fucking unit's worth of staff was gathered around that room, let me tell you.
The kid showed her his new spiderman doll and his books, opened a couple of presents and discovered a spiderman backpack and a candy bar, jumped around the room with delight, and could NOT stop telling his mother everything that had happened that week at school. After a while her crying started to really confuse him, and he asked: "Why are you sad?" Climbed into her lap (nurse at hand to keep the chest tube from getting kicked) and started fucking wiping the tears off her face. Then he started crying too, wiped his own face, and announced in bafflement: "I'm not sad!"
Look, we don't get a lot of great stories like this on the ICU. Most people die, or have long slow shitty recoveries, or are 107 and should have died anyway, or are just here for a quick cardiac stent and go home the next day without realizing they totally clipped Death's elbow in the cath lab elevator. We are all cynical assholes who don't get our hopes up. Most of us hate children. This shit made every last one of us cry like morons. Fuck. Moving on.
She's supposed to go to rehab next week after the chest tube comes out. Prognosis is pretty good at this point.
Back to the lady on dialysis. I did her dressing change, packing saline-soaked gauze into the open places on her belly and covering it with dry dressings. The colon-rind liquid coming out of her drain was starting to clear up a bit, and had the texture of hot sauce rather than ketchup. Her left arm, where the blood pressure cuff was squeezing her forearm below her PICC line, was incredibly swollen, like the whole thing from fingertips to shoulder. Oh god, she's totally getting a DVT.
PICC lines, because they're long IV lines that follow an entire vein back to the heart, are prone to gathering clots around them. A big clot in a large deep vein-- a Deep Vein Thrombosis-- can be a major issue. I took off the cuff and helped the dialysis nurse lock and pack her dialysis catheter-- she was done with the run and had tolerated it well-- and prepared the room for report to the next nurse. I realized I couldn't remember whether the opthamologist came by today; she was supposed to get her eyes checked to make sure that her fixed upward stare isn't a sign of nerve damage, like a yeast-clot stroke behind the eyes. All in all, though, I felt pretty good about the day; my fem-pop guy was having great pain control and excellent pulses and a nap after dinner, my HD lady was down 3.5 liters of fluid and a bunch of toxins and will start losing some of her swelling soon (hopefully), the lady next door was wrapping up the world's most tearjerky birthday party, and the open-gut lady down the hall was starting to pull out of her tailspin.
I left the hospital about thirty minutes late, had home-cooked dinner with my friends and their disastrously cute 2.5yo kid, listened to podcasts about birdcalls because one of them is really into podcasts (fuckin nerd lol), and don't really remember how I got home.
This shower went on so long that I made my husband bring me hot tea with milk and sugar, which I drank in the shower, setting it on the little shelf between sips. He stuck around and sat on the (closed, hopefully) toilet and told me about the airplanes he saw at the flight museum restoration hangar last week. We haven't seen much of each other this week, so while I care very little about airplanes, it's nice to hear him talk about things he likes.
Then I had a fucking decadent brunch before time for him to head to school. Now I am sitting in a nest of blankets and pillows on the sofa. The coffee table is arranged with the accoutrements of another couple of dumb hobbies of mine, different types of tea in several french presses and teapots + an honest to god thirteen jars of different kinds of honey. I had a weekend in Hawaii recently and bought YET ANOTHER sampler set of honey and I like to sit with my tea and my honey and a pile of chopsticks and compare the different flavors. If I had a shit-ton of different kinds of cheese this setup would be perfect. Hi, yes, I am the most boring person you have ever met.
The point of all this is: I will write up this report in extreme comfort.
Yesterday morning I took report on my CRRT pt, whose renal replacement therapy had been turned off overnight in preparation for the day's dialysis, and another pt who was preparing for discharge after having a cardiac stent placed. I made sure the first pt was comfortable and all her drips were stable-- she was still requiring a little bit of norepinephrine to keep her blood pressure up-- and then settled in to discharge the stent guy in record time. (Different stent guy from the previous shift. That dude was still checked in down the hallway, ringing his call bell constantly to ask if random tiny things meant he was dying. I answered a few of those calls while his nurse was busy, and reassured him that a random itch on his foot, a mild headache, and a restless feeling in his legs were not in fact signs of imminent death, though I was a bit more tactful about it.)
Taught the stent guy about his new blood-thinning medications and blood-pressure medications. He had a lazy eye that wandered around as I talked to him. Very difficult not to attempt normal eye-contact interactions with the lazy eye. Very polite and personable fellow, I just have a weird thing about lazy eyes that I have to compensate for so as to keep from being an asshole. Finished the discharge, pulled out his IV, and called the transporter to come wheel him down to his wife's car.
Caught up on my lady next door, whose blood pressure was kind of labile. Part of it was that I'd been measuring her BP mostly by an arterial line, which is a notoriously finicky process. I suspected she was also having breakthrough pain even under sedation. Turned up her fentanyl and crossed my fingers that I wouldn't bomb her pressure, and voila, she evened out. I don't blame her. The semi-open abdomen thing looks like hell. Her colon rind drainage was significantly reduced in volume and more liquid today. Her toes still look like shit-- she had very high doses of norepinephrine (also known as levophed) to keep her alive during the height of her illness, and norepi is well known for constricting your blood vessels until your toes turn black and drop off. Pt's family kept massaging the gross purple-black toes, trying to bring back circulation. Educated them on the importance of not dumping dead-tissue toxins into the bloodstream. Yes, she will probably lose most of her toes, although she stands a decent chance of living, so stop trying to milk rotten toe-meat back into her arteries, we cool?
Her toenails were solid lumps of fungus. Family was bare-handing that shit. I must just be squeamish from hospital work but I wanted to throw up just watching it.
Got caught up, oh my god, and went to help out down the hallway, where another nurse was landing a complete clusterfuck of a situation from the operating room. Her pt was an attractive lady in her fifties, wearing the kind of makeup you see on real estate agents, bleeding like a Tarantino extra from all her holes with her gut laid wide open under a delicate sheeting of saline-soaked gauze. Apparently she had been at work earlier and felt something 'pop'. Perforated small bowel, plus during surgery the MD had discovered a previously stable renal-aortic aneurysm which began to dissect under the stress. Deeply sedated and intubated, of course, but the room was a disaster area and the nurse was frantic. I called lab for her to make sure they'd started processing the pt's stat hematocrit, which they had not because uh, oops, then drew more labs, read blood, and generally did scut work for about half an hour until things started to calm down.
One 'reads' blood by verifying all its information against the pt's armband, the computer's cross-checking sheet, and the various stickers on the bag of blood itself. Giving a pt the wrong blood can be swiftly and horribly fatal. Two RNs are always required for blood checks.
Bailed out of that room to attend rounds for my lady. Rounds involves an assortment of hospital professionals, the care team, who circulate through the ICU in the morning and check up on all the pts to make sure nothing is missed. The intensivist, pharmacist, nutritionist, charge nurse, physical therapist charge, respiratory technician charge, and occasionally others like the infection control specialist or the social worker all gather up with their rolling computer carts and surround you, and you give report and talk about any concerns or plans for the day.
Code blue by the front nurses station, yesterday's first heart-surgery pt. The pt's daughter came screaming and jumping out into the hallway, having pressed the code button herself. She was apparently an RN herself. The code team swarmed in and found that he wasn't dead dead, he was just having a massive vagal response from bearing down hard on the shitter while his heart was still stiff and shocky after surgery. Sigh of relief all around-- he wasn't an open-heart valve repair, just a triple bypass, so he didn't have pacer wires still installed (we keep them in the valve pts for a long time because valve surgery often disrupts the nerve pathway through the heart, resulting in sudden drop-dead moments like that one guy the other day) and therefore wouldn't have been an easy fix (seriously, nothing is easier than bringing back a valve pt with a pacemaker).
The housekeeper came by to stat clean the now-empty room where the stent guy was before. Why a stat clean, I asked her? Oh, she said, you're getting a patient in this room. Me specifically? That's what the charge nurse said. WHAT THE FUCK. I call the charge nurse and ask if this is true, and sure enough, I am getting a femoral-popliteal bypass case from the OR in about thirty minutes. Oh, I didn't tell you? I'm sorry.
The lack of communication is killing me. Toward the beginning of this run of days I was caring for three telemetry-level pts (a step down from ICU critical care), preparing one for a routine cardioversion, which for tele pts involves the team carrying them down to Special Procedures and bringing them back when they're finished. Instead, the whole team showed up at the bedside and asked me where the paralytics were. Turns out, somebody had decided to intubate the pt, perform a trans-esophageal echocardiogram (heart ultrasound from inside the esophagus), and cardiovert (shock the heart to break the pt out of a dangerously fast rhythm) AT THE BEDSIDE. Assurances that the pt would be made critical-care status. I ended up demanding that the flex RN take over that pt one-to-one, and I'm glad I did, because she turned out to be an utter disaster and there was nobody to take my other two teles.
And after the previous shift's CRRT ambush, I really was not feeling good about the communication level with that charge nurse.
Turns out though that she was just trying to make sure I got the easier of the two incoming pts, and had been delayed in telling me because the RN getting the other pt needed a lot of help setting up. Not excused, but understandable.
Elevator call: my pt was on his way up. Out of nowhere, code blue. A pt on the other end of the unit who had been on a balloon pump-- a sausage-shaped balloon in his aorta that helped pump blood with each heartbeat, really cool tech but very risky-- had gone into cardiac arrest. The whole unit poured into that room to bring the guy back to life, leaving me to admit the new guy alone. This sounds worse than it is, mainly because the new guy was super nice and his wife was super nice and everything had gone without a hiccup. His potassium was very high, because his kidneys were chronically insufficient and he couldn't shed potassium very well, so I gave him a medicine to drink that gives you insane diarrhea but dumps all your potassium through your butthole. He was not happy about this, but he understood. We looked up all of his meds together and made sure everything else was right.
He kept asking to pee, but he had a foley catheter in-- a tube that goes up your dick into your bladder to drain it. I kept telling him to pee whenever he needed to, but honestly, foleys are uncomfortable as shit. His leg looked great where the closed-off arteries had been bypassed and his pulses were strong. The incisions were minimal. I told him he'd be bikini-ready in six weeks and he laughed and spilled his cranberry juice everywhere.
The balloon pump pt survived, but was for some reason immediately moved into full airborne precautions, the kind we use for tuberculosis. I still have no idea what that was about, but the nurses involved in that disaster were totally isolated for the rest of the shift, wearing bubble helmet respirators and gowns in an airlocked room at the end of the unit. I can't even imagine taking care of a fucking balloon pump pt while under full airborne precautions. I am a sucker for high-acuity pts but that just sounds exhausting.
Dialysis nurse showed up in the next room. I love it when my pts go on dialysis because they get a dedicated nurse to run the machine, which means I don't have to watch as closely because somebody with at least half a brain will let me know if anything's changing. Sure enough, as soon as he hooked her up, her blood pressure on the arterial line dumped. We both panicked a little and tried a few things, but nothing was touching that shitty blood pressure. I noted that the dialysis catheter was accessed on the same side as the brachial art line, suspected that the arterial outflow through the HD cath was sucking pressure away from the art line, and put a BP cuff on her other arm. Sure enough, her BP was fine. Maybe a little on the high side. Fuck yes, dialysis go.
Helped a nurse the next room over with bathing and prettying up her pt. I have taken care of this pt frequently over the month she's been on our ICU. She's in her thirties, a mother of two and part-time special-needs tutor, with a sweet-faced husband at her bedside constantly. She was very healthy before this, got strep pneumonia that turned into necrotizing pneumonia, had half her right lung cut out, held a fever of 38.9C+ for two weeks, coded twice, nearly died more times than I care to count, swelled up into a water balloon, lost all the water and is now sunken and sallow, now has a tracheostomy and a chest tube, and has generally been so much work to keep alive that we rotate on and off so nobody gets completely worn out on her. She's been better this week, though. Her husband didn't want to bring her kids in while she was super sick, for obvious reasons, and they're like two and five anyway so it's not entirely safe to have them on the ICU.
This was her older child's sixth birthday, so we arranged a surprise for her. Her husband went home "for the afternoon" like usual, to pick up the kids, and her nurse and I washed her hair and generally made her presentable and even pretty while the charge nurse ordered cupcakes from a nearby bakery (with extras for staff because fuck yeah, petty cash). We sat her up in the chair and she was watching a little TV when her husband returned with a pile of presents, a slice of birthday cake, and her now-six-year-old son wearing a paper crown. He started screaming as soon as we let him in the room, and she cried and managed to hold her arms up long enough to hug him. The whole fucking unit's worth of staff was gathered around that room, let me tell you.
The kid showed her his new spiderman doll and his books, opened a couple of presents and discovered a spiderman backpack and a candy bar, jumped around the room with delight, and could NOT stop telling his mother everything that had happened that week at school. After a while her crying started to really confuse him, and he asked: "Why are you sad?" Climbed into her lap (nurse at hand to keep the chest tube from getting kicked) and started fucking wiping the tears off her face. Then he started crying too, wiped his own face, and announced in bafflement: "I'm not sad!"
Look, we don't get a lot of great stories like this on the ICU. Most people die, or have long slow shitty recoveries, or are 107 and should have died anyway, or are just here for a quick cardiac stent and go home the next day without realizing they totally clipped Death's elbow in the cath lab elevator. We are all cynical assholes who don't get our hopes up. Most of us hate children. This shit made every last one of us cry like morons. Fuck. Moving on.
She's supposed to go to rehab next week after the chest tube comes out. Prognosis is pretty good at this point.
Back to the lady on dialysis. I did her dressing change, packing saline-soaked gauze into the open places on her belly and covering it with dry dressings. The colon-rind liquid coming out of her drain was starting to clear up a bit, and had the texture of hot sauce rather than ketchup. Her left arm, where the blood pressure cuff was squeezing her forearm below her PICC line, was incredibly swollen, like the whole thing from fingertips to shoulder. Oh god, she's totally getting a DVT.
PICC lines, because they're long IV lines that follow an entire vein back to the heart, are prone to gathering clots around them. A big clot in a large deep vein-- a Deep Vein Thrombosis-- can be a major issue. I took off the cuff and helped the dialysis nurse lock and pack her dialysis catheter-- she was done with the run and had tolerated it well-- and prepared the room for report to the next nurse. I realized I couldn't remember whether the opthamologist came by today; she was supposed to get her eyes checked to make sure that her fixed upward stare isn't a sign of nerve damage, like a yeast-clot stroke behind the eyes. All in all, though, I felt pretty good about the day; my fem-pop guy was having great pain control and excellent pulses and a nap after dinner, my HD lady was down 3.5 liters of fluid and a bunch of toxins and will start losing some of her swelling soon (hopefully), the lady next door was wrapping up the world's most tearjerky birthday party, and the open-gut lady down the hall was starting to pull out of her tailspin.
I left the hospital about thirty minutes late, had home-cooked dinner with my friends and their disastrously cute 2.5yo kid, listened to podcasts about birdcalls because one of them is really into podcasts (fuckin nerd lol), and don't really remember how I got home.
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